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Profound confusion is also a common reaction immediately following ECT. Patients often are unaware of what has just taken place and don’t know where they are, nor why they’re there. Although rare, permanent, physical brain damage can, and does occur (Sterling, 1978; Watkinson, 2007)
Within the context of clinical depression, a majority of studies show that ECT, while effective in alleviating the symptoms of morbidity, has a more pronounced detrimental effect upon patients with bipolar disorder than upon those suffering from unipolar depression. These effects are clinically apparent even when the patient is asymptomatic.
A study was carefully constructed to evaluate both the subjects’ perceived memory failure and impairment of cognitive functioning, and their measured functioning through a battery of tests. Subjects were chosen from among various groups consisting of 20 individuals.
The results of this study showed rather conclusively that: subjects who had undergone ECT had significantly higher levels of impairment than non-ECT treated patients with bipolar disorder in the areas of learning and recall, particularly verbal performance. This hints at the possibility of neurophysiologic damage within the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe areas of the brain. (MacQueen, Parkin, Marriott, Begin, & Hasey, 2007)
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